Selelekela
Ka tataiso ena, ke tla u bontša mokhoa oa ho hlophisa boitsebiso ka lifaele tse lokiselitsoeng le ho tsoa ponong ea litaelo tse ling.
U ke ke ua makatsoa ke ho tseba hore taelo eo ue sebelisang ho etsa mosebetsi ona e bitsoa "mofuta". Liphetoho tsohle tse kholo tsa taelo ea mofuta o tla fuoa sehloohong sena.
Boitsebiso ba Sample
Dintlha lefapheng le ka hlophiswa hafeela e lokiselitsoe ka tsela e itseng.
Ka mohlala, a re nke tafoleng ea ho qetela ea selekane sa Scottish Premier League selemong se fetileng 'me re boloke data ho file e bitsoang "spl".
O ka etsa faele ea data ka tsela e latelang ka klabu e le 'ngoe le data ea sehlopha seo se arohaneng le li-commas molaleng o mong le o mong.
| Sehlopha | Lipakane Tse Nkiloeng | Lipakane khahlanong le | Lintlha |
|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | 93 | 31 | 86 |
| Aberdeen | 62 | 48 | 71 |
| Lipelo | 59 | 40 | 65 |
| St Johnstone | 58 | 55 | 56 |
| Motherwell | 47 | 63 | 50 |
| Setereke sa Ross | 55 | 61 | 48 |
| Ho se tsotelle | 54 | 48 | 52 |
| Dundee | 53 | 57 | 48 |
| Paki | 41 | 50 | 46 |
| Hamilton | 42 | 63 | 43 |
| Kilmarnock | 41 | 64 | 36 |
| Dundee United | 45 | 70 | 28 |
Kamoo U ka Khethollang Dintlha ka Files
Ho tloha tafoleng eo, u ka bona hore Celtic e hlōtse selekane le Dundee United e fihlile qetellong. Haeba u motlatsi oa Dundee United u ka 'na ua batla hore u ikutloe u le betere' me u ka etsa sena ka ho hlophisa lipakane tse fumanoeng.
Ho etsa sena tsamaisa taelo e latelang:
mofuta -k2 -t, spl
Lekhetlong lena taelo e tla ba e latelang:
- Paki
- Kilmarnock
- Hamilton
- Dundee United
- Motherwell
- Dundee
- Ho se tsotelle
- Setereke sa Ross
- St Johnstone
- Lipelo
- Aberdeen
- Celtic
Lebaka leo liphello li leng ka tatellano ena ke hore karolo ea 2 ke lipakane tse fumanoeng mohala le mofuta o tloha ho tlase ho tlase ho ea holimo.
The -k switches e etsa hore u khetholle khoeli ho hlophisa ka eona -la sesepa se u lumella ho khetha mohlophisi.
E le hore ba ithabise e le kannete mafi ka Dundee United a ka hlophisa ka mohala oa 4 a sebelisa taelo e latelang:
mofuta -k4 -t, spl
Hona joale Dundee United ke e holimo 'me Celtic e ka tlaase.
Ha e le hantle, sena se ne se tla etsa hore basomi ba Celtic le Dundee ba se ke ba thaba haholo. Ho lokisa lintho u ka li hlophisa ka taelo e fapaneng u sebelisa sesebelisoa se latelang:
mofuta -4 -t, -r spl
Sesebelisoa se ts'oanang se makatsang se u thusa hore u hlophise nako le nako eo e hlileng e fokotsang mela ea data.
O ka etsa sena o sebelisa taelo e latelang:
mofuta oa -4 -t, -R spl
Sena se ka bakela mathata a sebele haeba o kopanya -r le ea -Ro ea hao.
Taelo ea mofuta o ka boela oa hlophisa matsatsi ka khoeli ea khoeli. Ho bontša ho sheba tafole e latelang:
| Khoeli | Lintlha tse sebelisitsoeng |
|---|---|
| January | 4G |
| February | 3000K |
| Hlakola | 6000K |
| April | 100M |
| May | 5000M |
| June | 200K |
| July | 4000K |
| August | 2500K |
| September | 3000K |
| October | 1000K |
| November | 3G |
| December | 2G |
Tafole e ka holimo e emela khoeli ea selemo le palo ea data e sebelisoang mochine oa selefouno.
O ka arola matsatsi a alfabeta ka mokhoa o latelang:
mofuta-k1 -t, datausedlist
U ka boela ua hlophisa ka khoeli u sebelisa taelo e latelang:
mofuta -k1 -t, -M datausedlist
Hona joale ho totobetse hore tafoleng e ka holimo e se e ba bonts'a khoeli ea khoeli empa haeba lenane le ne le e-na le batho ba bangata ka nako eo, e ne e tla ba tsela e bonolo ea ho e khetha.
Ha u shebile khoeli ea bobeli u ka bona hore litekanyetso tsohle li ka sebōpeho sa motho se ka baloang se sa shebahale eka se tla ba bonolo ho hlakola empa taelo ea mofuta o ka arola data e sebelisoang ka khoeli ka ho sebelisa taelo e latelang:
mofuta-k2 -t, -h datausedlist
Tsela ea ho Hlophisa Lintlha tse Nkiloeng ho Litaelo Tse Ling
Le hoja ho hlophisa lintlha ho lifaele ho molemo, taelo ea mofuta o ka boela oa sebelisoa ho hlophisa se hlahisoang ke litaelo tse ling:
Ka mohlala shebang taelo ea ls :
ls -lt
Taelo e boletsoeng ka holimo e khutlisa faele ka 'ngoe e le lethathamo la data le masimo a latelang a bontšitsoeng ka lihlopha:
- litumello
- palo ea node
- lebitso la username
- lebitso la sehlopha
- boholo
- letsatsi la ho qetela la ho fihla
- lebitso la faele
O ka hlophisa lenane ka boholo ba faele ka ho sebelisa taelo e latelang:
ls -lt | mofuta oa -5
E le hore u fumane liphetho ka tatellano e ncha u ka sebelisa taelo e latelang:
ls -lt | mofuta-k5 -r
Taelo ea mofuta o ka boela oa sebelisoa hammoho le polelo ea ps e thathamisang mekhoa ea ho sebetsa tsamaisong ea hau.
Ka mohlala, sebelisa lipesaleme tse latelang ho laola tsamaiso ea hau:
ps -eF
Taelo e boletsoeng ka holimo e khutlisetsa boitsebiso bo bongata ka mekhoa ea hona joale e sebetsang tsamaisong ea hau.
E 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsena ke boholo' me u ka 'na ua batla ho bona hore na ke lits'ebetso life tse kholo ka ho fetisisa.
Ho hlophisa data ena ka boholo u ka sebelisa taelo e latelang:
ps -eF | mofuta oa -5
Kakaretso
Ha ho letho le lekaneng ho taelo ea mofuta empa e ka ba le thuso ka potlako haholo ha le hlophisa lintho tse tsoang litaelong tse ling ka tatellano e nang le morero haholo-holo ha taelo e se na liphetoho tsa mofuta oa tsona.
Bakeng sa boitsebiso bo eketsehileng bala likhaolo tsa buka bakeng sa taelo ea mofuta.