MacOS: Ke Eng le Ntho e Ncha?

Likatse tse kholo le libaka tse tummeng: Histori ea macOS le OS X

MacOS ke lebitso le lecha ka ho fetisisa la tsamaiso e sebetsanang le Unix e tsamaisoang ka thepa ea Mac, ho kenyeletsa le mekotla le mekhoa e nkiloeng. 'Me le hoja lebitso le lecha, likarolo le matla a tsamaiso ea Mac li na le histori e telele, joalokaha u tla bala mona.

Macintosh e qalile bophelo ka ho sebelisa tsamaiso ea ho sebetsa e tsejoang feela e le System, e hlahisitseng liphetolelo ho tloha System 1 ho ea System 7. Ka 1996, System e ile ea boela ea nkoa e le Mac OS 8, e nang le phetolelo ea ho qetela, Mac OS 9, e lokolloa ka 1999.

Apple e hloka mokhoa oa ho sebetsa oa morao-rao ho nka sebaka sa Mac OS 9 ebe o nka Macintosh nakong e tlang , kahoo ka 2001, Apple e lokolla OS X 10.0; Cheetah, kaha e ne e tsejoa haholo. OS X e ne e le OS e ncha, e hahiloeng holim'a kernel ea Unix, e neng e tlisa mekhoa e mengata ea mehleng ea kajeno ea tšebetso e sireletsang, e sireletsang mohopolo le mokhoa oa ts'ebetso o neng o ka hōla le theknoloji e ncha eo Apple e neng e e-na le eona.

Ka 2016, Apple e fetotse lebitso la OS X ho macOS, hore e be le boemo bo botle ba lebitso la tsamaiso le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa Apple ( iOS , WatchOS , le TVOS ). Le hoja lebitso le fetotsoe, macOS e boloka metso ea Unix ea eona, le sebopeho sa sona se ikhethang sa mosebedisi le likarolo.

Haeba u kile ua ipotsa ka histori ea macOS, kapa ha likarolo li ekelitsoe kapa li tlosoa, bala ho sheba morao ho 2001, ha OS X Cheetah e hlahisoa, 'me u ithute hore na phetolelo efe kapa efe e latelang ea tsamaiso ea tsamaiso e tlisoa le eona.

01 ea 14

MacOS High Sierra (10.13.x)

MacOS High Sierra le Ka tlhahisoleseding ena Mac e bontsweng. setšoantšo se bontšitsoeng ka tlhompho ea Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: Nako e itseng nakong ea hoetla ka 2017; hona joale e le beta .

Theko: Free download (e hloka ho fihlella Mac App Store).

Sepheo se seholo sa macOS sa MacOS ke ho ntlafatsa tshebetso le ts'ebetso ea sethala sa macOS. Empa seo ha sea ka sa emisa Apple ho eketsa lintlha tse ncha le ntlafatso ea tsamaiso ea ho sebetsa.

02 ho ea ho 14

MacOS Sierra (10.12.x)

Setšoantšo sa ho qetela sa MacOS Sierra. Setšoantšo se bontšitsoeng ke Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 20 September, 2016

Theko: Free download (e hloka ho fihlela ho Mac App Store)

MacOS Sierra e ne e le eona ea pele ea liketsahalo tsa macOS tsa macOS. Morero o ka sehloohong oa lebitso o fetohile ho tloha OS X ho ea ho MacOS e ne e le ho kopanya lelapa la Apple la mekhoa ea ho sebetsa ka kopano e le 'ngoe ea lebitso: iOS, tvOS, watchOS, le hona joale macOS. Ho phaella lebitsong la lebitso, MacOS Sierra e tlise le eona lintlha tse ngata tse ncha le lisebelisoa tsa lits'ebeletso tse teng.

03 ea 14

OS X El Capitan (10.11.x)

Setšoantšo sa kamehla sa OS X El Capitan. Setšoantšo se bontšitsoeng ke Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 30 September, 2015

Theko: Free download (e hloka ho fihlela ho Mac App Store)

Mokhoa oa ho qetela oa tsamaiso ea Mac ho sebelisa sekhetho sa OS X, El Capitan o ile a bona liphetoho tse 'maloa , hammoho le ho tlosoa ha likarolo tse ling, tse lebisang ho hoeletsa ho basebelisi ba bangata.

04 ea 14

OS X Yosemite (10.10.x)

OS X Yosemite e phatlalatsoa ho WWDC. Justin Sullivan / Getty Images News / Getty Images

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 16 October, 2014

Theko: Free download (e hloka ho fihlela ho Mac App Store)

OS X Yosemite o tlisitse kakaretso e kholo ea sebopeho sa mosebedisi. Le hoja mesebetsi ea mantlha ea sebopeho se ntse se lekana, ho shebahala ho ile ha e-ba le makeover, ho nkela skeuomorph karolo ea filosofi ea Mac ea pele, e ileng ea sebelisa moqapi oa liqapi tse bontšang mosebetsi oa sebele oa ntho, e nang le moqapi o hlakileng oa setšoantšo o etsisang sebopeho sa mosebedisi se bontsweng ho disebediswa tsa iOS Ntle le liphetoho ho litšoantšo le menyetla, tšebeliso ea likarolo tse hlakileng tsa fensetere li bonahatsa ponahalo ea tsona.

Lucida Grande, e leng mokhoa o sa nepahalang oa tsamaiso, o ile oa nkeloa sebaka ke Helvetica Neue, 'me Dock ea lahleheloa ke ponahalo ea eona ea liluloana tsa khalase ea 3D, e nkeloa sebaka ke lehlakoreng la 2D le sechabeng.

05 ea 14

OS X Mavericks (10.9.x)

Setšoantšo sa ho qetela sa desktop sa Mavericks ke sa leqhubu le leholo. Setšoantšo se bontšitsoeng ke Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 22 October, 2013

Theko: Free download (e hloka ho fihlela ho Mac App Store)

OS X Mavericks e ngotse qetello ea ho reha lebitso la ts'ebetso ka mor'a likatse tse kholo; ho e-na le hoo, Apple e sebelisitse mabitso a California. Mavericks e bua ka e 'ngoe ea maqhubu a maholo ka ho fetisisa a bapala litlhōlisano tse tšoaroang selemo le selemo lebōpong la California, haufi le Pillar Point, ka ntle ho toropo ea Half Moon Bay.

Liphetoho Mavericks li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla le ho atolosa bophelo ba betri.

06 ea 14

OS X Mountain Lion (10.8.x)

OS X Mountain Lion Installer. Setšoantšo se bontšitsoeng ke Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 25 July, 2012

Theko: Free download (e hloka ho fihlela ho Mac App Store)

Mokhoa oa ho qetela oa mokhoa oa ho sebetsa o tla rehoa ka mor'a katata e kholo, OS X Mountain Lion e tsoetse pele pakane ea ho kopanya mesebetsi e mengata ea Mac le iOS. Ho thusa ho tlisa li-apps hammoho, Mountain Lion e boetse e reha Bukana ea Aterese ho Bo-Contacts, ICal ho Kalenda, 'me e nkile IChat le Melaetsa. Hammoho le lebitso la app le fetola, liphetoho tse ncha li fumane mokhoa o bonolo oa ho lumellana le data pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa Apple.

07 ea 14

OS X Lion (10.7.x)

Steve Jobs o hlahisa OS X Lion. Justin Sullivan / Getty Images

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 20 July, 2011

Theko: Free download (e hloka OS X Snow Leopard ho fihlela Mac Mac Store)

Lion e ne e le eona mokhoa oa pele oa ho sebetsa oa Mac o fumanehang e le ho kopitsa ho tswa ho Mac App Store, mme o hloka Mac e nang le Intel processor ea 64-bit. Tlhoko ena e ne e bolela hore tse ling tsa Intel Macs tsa pele tse neng li sebelisitse ts'ebetso ea Intel tse 32 tse sa khone ho ntlafatsoa ho OS X Lion. Ho phaella moo, Tau e ile ea theha tšehetso ea Rosetta, mocheso o neng o le karolo ea matšoao a pele a OS X. Rosetta o lumeletse mekhoa e ngotsoeng bakeng sa PowerPC Macs (e seng Intel) ho matha ka Mac e sebelisang Intel prosekete.

OS X Lion e ne e le eona ea pele ea tsamaiso ea Mac ho kenyelletsa lintlha tse tsoang ho iOS; ho fetoha ha OS X le iOS ho qalile ka tokollo ena. E 'ngoe ea lipakane tsa Tau e ne e le ho qala ho etsa se tšoanang pakeng tsa li-OSs tse peli, e le hore mofani a ka tsamaea pakeng tsa tse peli ntle le litlhoko tsa sebele tsa koetliso. Ho fokotsa sena, ho na le lisebelisoa tse ngata le lisebelisoa tse ncha tse ileng tsa etsisa kamoo interface ea iOS e sebetsang kateng.

08 ea 14

OS X Snow Leopard (10.6.x)

OS X Snow Leopard lebenkele la mabenkele. Ka tlhompho ea Apple

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la la 28 August, 2010

Theko: $ 29 motho ea se nang molekane; $ 49 lelapa pack (basebelisi ba 5); e fumanehang ka CD / DVD

Snow Leopard e ne e le lekhetlo la ho qetela la OS le fanoang mecheng ea litaba (DVD). Hape ke phetolelo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea tsamaiso ea Mac o ntse o ka reka ka ho toba ho Apple Store ($ 19.99).

Lehloa la Snow le nkoa e le lekhetlo la ho qetela la tlhahiso ea Mac Mac. Ka morao ho Snow Leopard, tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso e qalile ho kenyelletsa likotoana le likotoana tsa iOS ho tlisa sethala se seng se tšoanang ho Apple mobile (iPhone) le lisebelisoa tsa lik'homphieutha (Mac).

Snow Leopard ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa 64-bit, empa hape e ne e le phetolelo ea ho qetela ea OS e tšehetsang litsamaiso tse 32-bit, tse kang Intel's Core Solo le Core Duo line tse sebelisitsoeng Intel Macs ea pele. Snow Leopard e ne e boetse e le lekhetlo la ho qetela la OS X e ka sebelisang emulator ea Rosetta hore e sebetse li-apps tse ngotsoeng bakeng sa PowerPC Macs.

09 ea 14

OS X Leopard (10.5.x)

Barekisi ba emetse Store Store ea OS X Leopard. Photo by Win McNamee / Getty Images

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 26 October, 2007

Tlhōlo: $ 129 molekane a le mong: $ 199 pakete ea lelapa (basebelisi ba 5): e fumaneha ka CD / DVD

Leopard e ne e ntlafatsa haholo ho tloha Tiger, phetolelo e fetileng ea OS X. Ho ea ka Apple, e ne e na le liphetoho tse fetang 300 le ntlafatso. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba liphetoho tseo, e ne e le ho theknoloji e kholo eo basebetsi ba neng ba ke ke ba e bona, le hoja baetsi ba eona ba ne ba khona ho e sebelisa.

Ho qalisoa ha OS X Leopard e ne e le morao, kaha e ne e reriloe pele ho lokolloa ka 2006. Lebaka la ho lieha ho ne ho lumeloa hore e bile Apple e fetisang lisebelisoa ho iPhone, e ileng ea bontšoa phatlalatsa ka lekhetlo la pele ka January 2007, 'me ea rekisoa ka June.

10 ho ea 14

OS X Tiger (10.4.x)

OS X Tiger lebenkele la mabenkele le ne le se na letšoao le bontšang lebitso la nkoe. Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 29 April, 2005

Theko: $ 129 molekane a le mong; $ 199 lelapa la pack (basebelisi ba 5); e fumanehang ka CD / DVD

OS X Tiger e ne e le phetolelo ea tsamaiso ea tšebeliso e sebelisoang ha Intel Macs ea pele e lokolloa. Tiger ea pele e ne e tšehetsa Macs e kholo ea processe ea PowerPC; phetoho e khethehileng ea Tiger (10.4.4) e kenyelelitsoe le Intel Macs. Sena se ile sa baka pherekano har'a basebelisi, bao ba bangata ba bona ba ileng ba leka ho khutlisetsa Tiger ho Intel iMacs ea bona feela hore ba fumane phetolelo ea pele e ke ke ea laoloa. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, basebedisi ba PowerPC ba ileng ba reka ho fokotsa liphetolelo tsa Tiger ho Inthaneteng ba fumane hore seo ba neng ba hlile ba se fumana ke phetolelo ea Intel e neng e tlile le Mac ea motho.

Pherekano e kholo ea Tiger ha ea ka ea etsoa ho fihlela OS X Leopard a lokolloa; e ne e kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tsa bokahohle tse ka tsamaisoang ka PowerPC kapa Intel Macs.

11 ho ea 14

OS X Panther (10.3.x)

OS X Panther e ne e le hoo e batlang e le lebokose le leng le leholo. Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 24 October, 2003

Theko: $ 129 molekane a le mong; $ 199 lelapa la pack (basebelisi ba 5); e fumanehang ka CD / DVD

Panther e ile ea tsoela pele ka tloaelo ea OS X e hlahisitsoeng e fanang ka ntlafatso e sebetsang e hlakileng. Sena se etsahetse ha baetsi ba Apple ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa khoutu e sebelisoang tsamaisong e ncha ea ho sebetsa.

Panther e boetse e ngotsoe lekhetlo la pele OS X e qala ho theola tšehetso bakeng sa mehlala ea khale ea Mac, ho akarelletsa le Beige G3 le Wall Street PowerBook G3. Mefuta e ileng ea theoha Macintosh Toolbox ROM kaofela e sebelisitsoe lebokoseng la logic. Lebokose la ROM le na le khoutu e sebelisetsoang ho etsa mekhoa e meng ea khale e neng e sebelisitsoe mohahong oa khale oa Mac. Habohlokoa le ho feta, ROM e ne e sebelisetsoa ho laola mokhoa oa boot, mosebetsi o neng o le tlas'a Panther o ne o se o laoloa ke Open Firmware.

12 ho ea 14

OS X Jaguar (10.2.x)

OS X Jaguar e ile ea bontša matheba a eona. Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 23 August, 2002

Theko: $ 129 molekane a le mong; $ 199 lelapa la pack (basebelisi ba 5); e fumanehang ka CD / DVD

Jaguar e ne e le e 'ngoe ea li-version tseo ke li ratang haholo tsa OS X, le hoja seo se ka' na sa e-ba haholo ka lebaka la kamoo Steve Jobs a ileng a reha lebitso kateng nakong ea kenyelletso: jag-u-waarrr. Hona e ne e boetse e le lekhetlo la pele la OS X moo lebitso la karo e sebelisitsoeng ka molao. Ka pel'a Jaguar, mabitso a cat a tsejoa phatlalatsa, empa Apple e ne e lula e bua ka bona libukeng ka nomoro ea phetolelo.

OS X Jaguar e kenyelelitse phaello e ngata ea ts'ebetso ka phetolelo e fetileng. Ho utloahala ha tsamaiso ea OS X e ntse e hlophisoa hantle ke bahlahisi. Jaguar o ile a boela a bona liphetoho tse tsotehang tsa ts'ebetso ea litšoantšo, haholo hobane e ne e kenyelelitse bakhanni ba hlophisitsoeng hantle bakeng sa kakaretso ea ATI le NVIDIA ea likarolo tsa litšoantšo tse bontšitsoeng ka AGP.

13 ho ea 14

OS X Puma (10.1.x)

Puma ea mabenkele. Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 25 September, 2001

Theko: $ 129; mahala ho basebedisi ba Cheetah; e fumanehang ka CD / DVD

Puma e ne e shebahala haholo e le ho lokisa liphoso bakeng sa OS X Cheetah ea pele e neng e etella pele ho eona. Puma e boetse e fana ka ts'ebetso e nyenyane ea ts'ebetso. Mohlomong ba bangata ba bolelang hore tlhahiso ea pele ea Puma e ne e se mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho sebelisa lik'homphieutha tsa Macintosh; ho e-na le hoo, Mac e fetotsoe ho Mac OS 9.x. Basebedisi ba ka fetola OS X Puma, haeba ba lakatsa.

E ne e se ho fihlela OS X 10.1.2 hore Apple e behe Puma e le mokhoa oa ho sebetsa oa Mac Mac e ncha.

14 ho ea 14

OS X Cheetah (10.0.x)

OS X Lebokose la ho rekisa la Cheetah ha lea bapala lebitso la cat. Coyote Moon, Inc.

Letsatsi la pele la ho lokolloa: la 24 March, 2001

Theko: $ 129; e fumanehang ka CD / DVD

Cheetah e bile tokoloho ea pele ea OS X, le hoja ho ne ho e-na le beta ea sechaba ea pele ea OS X e fumanehang. OS X e ne e le phetoho e kholo ho Mac OS e etelletseng Cheetah. E ne e emela tsamaiso e ncha ea ho sebetsa e fapane ka ho feletseng le OS ea pele e ileng ea sebelisa Macintosh ea pele.

OS X e hahiloe mokokotlong o kang oa Unix o entsoeng ka khoutu e entsoeng ke Apple, NeXTSTEP, BSD, le Mach. Kernel (technically hybrid kernel) e sebelisitsoe Mach 3 le likarolo tse fapa-fapaneng tsa BSD, ho kenyelletsana le stack network le system file. E kopantsoe le khoutu e tsoang ho NeXTSTEP (e nang le Apple) le Apple, tsamaiso ea ho sebetsa e tsejoa e le Darwin, 'me e lokolloa e le software e bulehileng tlas'a Apple Public Source License.

Mefuta e phahameng ea tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso, ho kenyeletsa le mekhoa ea Cocoa le Carbon e sebelisitsoeng ke Apple baetsi ba ho haha ​​lisebelisoa le litšebeletso, e ne e le mohloli o koetsoeng.

Cheetah o ne a e-na le mathata a seng makae ha a lokolloa, ho kenyelletsa le tloaelo ea ho hlahisa likotsi tsa kernel ho theoha ha leqhoa. Ho bonahala eka mathata a mangata a ne a tsoa tsamaisong ea tsamaiso ea mohopolo e ncha ho Darwin le OS X Cheetah. Lintlha tse ling tse ncha tse fumanehang Cheetah li kenyeletsa: