Hoo e ka bang sesebelisoa se seng le se seng se nang le k'homphieutha se hloka RAM Sheba lisebelisoa tsa hau tseo u li ratang (mohlala, li-smartphone, matlapa, li-desktops, li-laptops, li-calculator, li-HDTV, mechine ea lipapali tsa ho bapala, joalo-joalo), 'me u lokela ho fumana boitsebiso bo mabapi le RAM. Le hoja bohle RAM e sebetsa ka morero o tšoanang, ho na le mefuta e 'maloa e sa tšoaneng e sebelisoang kajeno:
- RAM e tsitsitseng (SRAM)
- RAM e matla (DRAM)
- RAM e Matla a Matla (SDRAM)
- Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)
- Kakaretso ea Matla a Matla a Matla a Double Data (DDR SDRAM, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4)
- Diphetho tsa Bobeli ba Ditshwantsho tsa Dynamic Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM, GDDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4, GDDR5)
- Flash Memory
RAM e na le eng?
RAM e emela Lintho Tse sa Lebelloang tsa ho Hopola , 'me e fana ka lik'homphieutha sebaka se lekaneng sa ho laola tlhahisoleseding le ho rarolla mathata ka motsotso ona. U ka nahana ka eona joaloka pampiri e tsosolositsoeng ea hore u ka ngola lintlha, lipalo kapa litšoantšo ka pentšele. Haeba u tsoa kamoreng ea pampiri, u etsa ho hongata ka ho senya seo u se hlokang; RAM e itšoara ka tsela e tšoanang ha e hloka sebaka se eketsehileng ho sebetsana le tlhahisoleseding ea nakoana (e leng ho tsamaisa software / mananeo). Likarolo tse kholo tsa pampiri li u lumella hore u hlahise maikutlo a mangata (le a maholoanyane) ka nako pele u tlameha ho hlakola; RAM e ngata ka hare ho lik'homphieutha e arolelana liphello tse tšoanang.
RAM e hlaha ka mefuta e fapa-fapaneng (ke hore tsela eo e ikopantseng ka eona kapa e sebelisanang le lik'homphieutha), bokhoni (bo lekantsoeng ka MB kapa GB ), ka potlako (e lekantsoeng ka MHz kapa GHz ), le li-architectures. Lintlha tsena le tse ling ke tsa bohlokoa ho nahanisisa ha ho ntlafatsoa mekhoa ea RAM, e le mekhoa ea lik'homphieutha (mohlala, li-hardware, li-boardboard) e tlameha ho latela mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea tsamaiso. Ka mohlala:
- Mekhoa ea lik'homphieutha tse tsofetseng ha e khone ho amohela mefuta ea morao-rao ea thekenoloji ea RAM
- Khopotso ea laptop e ke ke ea lumellana le desktops (le ka tsela e fapaneng)
- RAM hase kamehla ka morao e lumellanang
- Hangata tsamaiso e ke ke ea kopanya le ho bapisa mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea li-RAM hammoho
RAM e tsitsitseng (SRAM)
Nako ea Marakeng: lilemong tsa bo-1990 ho tla hlahisa
Lisebelisoa tse ratoang Ho sebelisa SRAM: Lik'hamera tsa li-digital, li-routers, li-printers, li-lCD tsa lisebelisoa
E 'ngoe ea mefuta e' meli ea bohlokoa ea ho hopola (e 'ngoe e le DRAM), SRAM e hloka ho phalla ha matla ka linako tsohle e le ho sebetsa. Ka lebaka la matla a tsoelang pele, SRAM ha ho hlokahale hore e 'khatholohe' ho hopola lintlha tse bolokiloeng. Ke kahoo SRAM e bitsoa 'static' - ha ho phetoho kapa ketso (mohlala, khathollo) e hlokahalang ho boloka dintlha tse tsitsitseng. Leha ho le joalo, SRAM ke mohopolo o tsitsitseng, e bolelang hore lintlha tsohle tse bolokiloeng li lahleha hang ha matla a felisoa.
Melemo ea ho sebelisa SRAM (khahlanong le DRAM) ke theko e tlase ea matla le ho potlakela ho fihlella kapele. Mathata a ho sebelisa SRAM (khahlanong le DRAM) ke bokhoni bo fokolang ba mehopolo le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa tlhahiso. Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsena, SRAM e tloaelehile e sebelisoa ho:
- CU cache (mohlala L1, L2, L3)
- Sebaka se thata sa koloi / cache
- Bafetoleli ba digital-to-analog (DACs) ka dikarete tsa video
RAM e matla (DRAM)
Nako ea Marakeng: lilemong tsa bo-1970 ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-1990
Lisebelisoa tse ratoang Ho sebelisa DRAM: Li-consoles tsa papali ea video, lihlahisoa tsa marang-rang
E 'ngoe ea mefuta e' meli ea mohopolo oa motheo (e 'ngoe e be SRAM), DRAM e hloka nako e' ngoe hape ea 'khatholoho' ea matla e le hore e sebetse. Litebelisi tse bolokang boitsebiso ka DRAM butle-butle li ntša matla; ha ho matla a bolelang hore data e lahleha. Ke ka lebaka leo DRAM e bitsoang 'matla' - ho fetoha kamehla kapa ketso (mohlala, ho khatholla) ho hlokahala ho boloka boitsebiso bo tsitsitse. DRAM e boetse e na le mohopolo o tsitsitseng, e leng se bolelang hore data kaofela e bolokiloeng ha matla a khaoloa.
Melemo ea ho sebelisa DRAM (vs. SRAM) ke litšenyehelo tse fokolang tsa tlhahiso le matla a ho hopola. Mathata a ho sebelisa DRAM (vs. SRAM) ke lebelo la ho fihlella butle le matla a sebelisoang haholo. Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsena, DRAM e tloaelehile e sebelisoa ho:
- Memo ea mochine
- Moriri oa lipapali tsa video
Lilemong tsa bo-1990, Extended Data Out Dynamic RAM (EDO DRAM) e ile ea hlahisoa, e lateloa ke ho iphetola ha eona, Burst EDO RAM (BEDO DRAM). Mefuta ena ea mohopolo e bile le boipiletso ka lebaka la ho eketsa ts'ebetso / katleho ka litšenyehelo tse tlase Leha ho le joalo, theknoloji e ile ea fetoloa nako e telele ke ntshetsopele ea SDRAM.
RAM e Matla a Matla (SDRAM)
Nako ea Marakeng: 1993 ho ea ho
Lisebelisoa tse ratoang Ho sebelisa SDRAM: Khopotso ea k'homphieutha, lipapali tsa papali ea video
SDRAM ke karo ea DRAM e sebetsang ka ho lumellana le CPU clock , e bolelang hore e emetse lenane la oache pele e arabela boitsebiso ba data (mohlala, user interface). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, DRAM e na le mekhoa e metle, e bolelang hore e arabela hang-hang ho kenya letsoho. Empa molemo oa ho etsa li-synchronous ke hore CPU e ka sebetsana le litaelo tse fetellanang tse tšoanang, tse tsejoang hape e le 'pipelining' - bokhoni ba ho amohela (bala) thuto e ncha pele thuto ea pele e rarolitsoe ka botlalo (ngola).
Le hoja pipelining e sa ame nako eo e etsoang hore e sebetsane le litaelo, e lumella hore litaelo tse ling li phethoe ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ho sebetsana le ho bala e le 'ngoe le e ' ngoe ho ngola thuto ka nako ea potoloho ea oache ho phaella ka holimo ho kakaretso ea CPU ea ho fetisetsa / tshebetso SDRAM e tšehetsa pipelining ka tsela eo mohopolo oa eona e arotsoeng libanka tse fapaneng, e leng sona se ileng sa lebisa ho khethollo ea eona ho feta DRAM.
Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)
Nako ea Marakeng: 1993 ho ea ho
Lisebelisoa tse ratoang Ho sebelisa SDR SDRAM: Khopotso ea k'homphieutha, lipapali tsa papali ea video
SDR SDRAM ke nako e atolositsoeng bakeng sa SDRAM - mefuta e 'meli e le' ngoe e ts'oanang, empa hangata e bitsoa SDRAM feela. 'Tekanyo e le' ngoe ea lintlha 'e bontša kamoo memori e sebetsang kateng ho e bala le e' ngoe ho ngola molaetsa ka potoloho ea oache. Lebitso lena le thusa ho hlakisa litšoantšiso pakeng tsa SDR SDRAM le DDR SDRAM:
- DDR SDRAM ke moetlo oa bobeli oa SDR SDRAM
Kakaretso ea Matla a Matla a Matla a Data (DDR SDRAM)
Nako ea 'Maraka: 2000 ho hlahisa
Mecha e ratoang e sebelisang DDR SDRAM: Khomphuteng ea k'homphieutha
DDR SDRAM e sebetsa joaloka SDR SDRAM, habeli feela ka potlako. DDR SDRAM e khona ho sebetsana le litaelo tse peli tse balang le tse peli ho ngola potoloho ea oache (ka hona 'ho habeli'). Le hoja e sebetsa ka tsela e tšoanang, DDR SDRAM e na le phapang ea 'mele (likhoeli tse 184 le sekhetho se le seng ho connector) khahlanong le SDR SDRAM (lipapali tse 168 le likhahla tse peli ho connector). DDR SDRAM e boetse e sebetsa ka tekanyo e tlaase ea matla (2.5 V ho tloha ho 3.3 V), ho thibela ho tsamaisana ka morao le SDR SDRAM.
- DDR2 SDRAM ke ntlafatso ea ho iphetola ha lintho ho ea ho DDR SDRAM. Ha ho ntse ho lekanngoa habeli (data tse peli li bala le ho ngola litaelo ka potoloho ea oache), DDR2 SDRAM e potlakile kaha e ka matha ka lebelo le phahameng. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng (o sa koahetsoeng ) mekhoa ea tlhokomelo ea DDR e holimo ho 200 MHz, athe mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea memo ea DDR2 e tsoa ho 533 MHz. DDR2 SDRAM e matha ka matla a tlase (1.8 V) ka lipalane tse eketsehileng (240), tse thibelang ho lumellana ka morao.
- DDR3 SDRAM e ntlafatsa tshebetso ho feta DDR2 SDRAM ka mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa ho etsa lipontšo (ho tšepahala), matla a ho hopola, ho sebelisa matla a mangata (1.5 V) le ho feta ka lebelo la oache (ho fihlela ho 800 Mhz). Le hoja DDR3 SDRAM e na le palo e lekanang ea lipitsa tse kang DDR2 SDRAM (240), likarolo tse ling tsohle li thibela ho lumellana ka morao.
- DDR4 SDRAM e ntlafatsa ts'ebetsong ka DDR3 SDRAM ka mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa ho etsa lipontšo (ho tšepahala), matla a ho hopola, esita le ho sebelisa matla a fokolang (1.2 V), le boemong bo phahameng ba mahlo a motlakase (ho fihlela ho 1600 Mhz). DDR4 SDRAM e sebelisa pontso ea 288-pin, e leng e thibelang ho lumellana ka morao morao.
Diphetho tsa Bobeli ba Ditshwantsho tsa Bobeli ba Dynamic Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM)
Nako ea Marakeng: 2003 ho hlahisa
Lisebelisoa tse ratoang Ho sebelisa GDDR SDRAM: Makhadi a litšoantšo tsa filimi, matlapa a mang
GDDR SDRAM ke mofuta oa DDR SDRAM o hlileng o etselitsoeng phetolelo ea lipapiso tsa video, ka tloaelo e kopanngoa le GPU (setšoantšo se sebetsanang le litšoantšo) k'homphieutheng . Lipapali tsa kajeno tsa PC li tsebahala hore li sutumelle enfelopo ka mekhoa e tsotehang e hlalosang maemo a phahameng, hangata e hlokang lisebelisoa tsa tsamaiso ea boleng bo phahameng le thepa e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea karete ea video e le hore u bapale (haholo-holo ha u sebelisa lipapali tse phahameng tsa 720p kapa 1080p ).
- Ho tšoana le DDR SDRAM, GDDR SDRAM e na le moeli oa eona oa ho iphetola ha lintho (ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho theola matla a sebelisoang): GDDR2 SDRAM, GDDR3 SDRAM, GDDR4 SDRAM, le GDDR5 SDRAM.
Ho sa tsotellehe ho ba le litšobotsi tse tšoanang le DDR SDRAM, GDDR SDRAM ha e tšoane hantle. Ho na le phapang e ikhethang le tsela eo GDDR SDRAM e sebetsang ka eona, haholo-holo mabapi le hore na bandwidth e amoheleha joang ka latency. GDDR SDRAM e lebeletsoe hore e sebetsane le boholo ba data (bandwidth), empa eseng hakaalo ka lebelo le potlakileng (latency) - nahana ka tsela e kholo ea lane tse 16 e behiloeng ho 55 MPH. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, DDR SDRAM e lebeletsoe hore e be le latency e tlaase ho potlakela ho arabela CPU - nahana ka tsela e kholo ea 2-lane e behiloeng ho 85 MPH.
Flash Memory
Nako ea 'Maraka: 1984 ho hlahisa
Lisebelisoa tse ratoang ho sebelisa Flash Memory: Lik'hamera tsa li-digital, li-smartphone / matlapa, lisebelisoa tsa ho bapala lipapali / lipapali
Flash memory ke mofuta oa mochine o sa bolokeheng oa polokelo o bolokang boitsebiso bohle ka mor'a matla o khaotsoe. Ho sa tsotellehe lebitso lena, mohopolo oa flash o haufi haholo le sebōpeho le ts'ebetsong (e leng polokelo le ho fetisetsa litlaleho) ho ea pele ho phalla ho feta mefuta ea RAM e boletsoeng ka holimo. Khopotso ea Flash e sebelisoa ka tloaelo ho:
- Li-drive tsa USB
- Bahatisi
- Bapalami ba mecha ba phatlalatso
- Likarete tsa ho hopola
- Lisebelisoa tse nyane tsa elektronike / li-toy
- PDAs