Selelekela
Taelo ea Linux grep e sebelisoa e le mokhoa oa ho hlahisa maikutlo.
GREP e emetse Global Printer Expression Printer 'me kahoo e le hore ue sebelise ka katleho, u lokela ho ba le tsebo e itseng ka lipolelo tsa kamehla.
Sehloohong sena, ke tla u bontša mehlala e 'maloa e tla u thusa ho utloisisa taelo ea grep.
01 ea 09
Joang ho Batla Khoele Ho A File Ho Sebelisa GREP
Ak'u inahanele u na le sefahleho sa libuka tse bitsoang libuka le lihlooho tsa libuka tse latelang tsa bana:
- Robin Hood
- Kapinyana e nyane e khubelu
- Peter Pan
- Goldilocks le The Three Bears
- Lehloa le lesoeu le ba supileng
- Pinnochio
- The Cat In The Hat
- Li-pig tse tharo tse nyane
- The Gruffalo
- Charlie Le Factory ea Chocolate
Ho fumana libuka tsohle ka lentsoe "The" sehloohong u ka sebelisa syntaxe e latelang:
grep Libuka
Liphetho tse latelang li tla khutlisetsoa:
- Goldilocks le The Three Bears
- Lehloa le lesoeu le ba supileng
- The Cat In The Hat
- Li-pig tse tharo tse nyane
- The Gruffalo
- Charlie Le Factory ea Chocolate
Ketsahalong ka 'ngoe, lentsoe "The" le tla totobatsoa.
Hlokomela hore ho phenyekolla ho na le bothata bo joalo kahoo haeba e 'ngoe ea litlotla e na le "ea" ho e-na le "The" joale e ka be e sa khutlisetsoa.
Ho hlokomoloha nyeoe u ka eketsa konopo e latelang:
kopa libuka -ignore-case
U ka boela ua sebelisa -a fetola ka tsela e latelang:
grep -e libuka
02 ea 09
Batla Mokhotha Ho A File Ho Sebelisa Wildcards
Molaetsa oa grep o matla haholo. O ka sebelisa mekhoa e mengata ea mekhoa ea ho bapisa liphetho.
Mohlala ona, ke tla u bontša mokhoa oa ho batla khoele ka faele ho sebelisa lifate tsa wildcards .
Ak'u nahane u na le faele e bitsoang libaka tse nang le mabitso a latelang a Scotland:
aberdeen
abelstwyth
ho senya
inverurie
ho se tsotelle
newburgh
likhama tse ncha
e ncha
glasgow
edinburgh
Haeba u batla ho fumana libaka tsohle ka inver ka lebitso sebelisa kontaxe e latelang:
libaka tsa grep inver *
Asterisk (*) sekarecheta se emetse 0 kapa tse ngata. Ka hona haeba u na le sebaka se bitsoang inver kapa sebaka seo ho thoeng ke ho se sebetse joale ka bobeli li tla khutlisetsoa.
Lekareche le leng leo u ka le sebelisang ke nako (.). U ka sebelisa sena ho bapisa lengolo le le leng.
libaka tsa grep inver.r
Taelo e boletsoeng ka holimo e ne e tla fumana libaka tse bitsoang inverurie le inverary empa li ke ke tsa fumanoa ka ho rekisoa hobane ho ka ba le sekareleta se le seng pakeng tsa tse peli tse lekanang le nako e le 'ngoe.
Nako ea wildcard e na le thuso empa e ka baka mathata haeba u e-na le eona e le karolo ea temana eo u e batlang.
Ka mohlala sheba lenane lena la mabitso a marang-rang
- linux.about.com
- pcsupport.about.com
- mp3.about.com
- minecraft.about.com
- androidgames.about.com
- hahahaha.about.com
- katsnabel.com
- google.co.uk
- google.au
- direct.gov.uk
Ho fumana all.com.com u ka batla ho sebelisa syntaxe e latelang:
grep * ka * domainnames
Taelo e ka hodimo e ne e tla oa fatše haeba lenane le na le mabitso a latelang ho lona:
- letsatsi le letsatsilinlinuser.com/about.html
Ka hona, u ka leka poleloana e latelang:
grep * about.com li-domain
Sena se ne se tla sebetsa hantle ntle le hore ho na le sebaka se nang le lebitso le latelang:
aboutycom.com
Ha e le hantle u batla lentsoe ka about.com u tla hloka ho baleha letheba ka tsela e latelang:
ho roala ka <.com domain names
Sebaka sa ho qetela sa tropike ho u bontša u letšoao la potso le emelang ts'ebotsi kapa setšoantšo se le seng.
Ka mohlala:
hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha
Taelo e ka holimo e ne e tla khutlela ho aberdeen, aberystwyth kapa esita le berwick.
03 ea 09
Batla Litlhaloso Qalong le Qetellong ea Lesebelisoa Ho sebelisa li-grep
Carat (^) le letšoao la dollar ($) le lumella hore u batle lipatlisiso qalong le qetellong ea mela.
Nahana u na le faele e bitsoang bolo ea maoto le mabitso a latelang a sehlopha:
- Blackpool
- Liverpool
- Manchester City
- Motse oa Leicester
- Manchester United
- Newcastle United
- FC United Of Manchester
Haeba u batla ho fumana lihlopha tsohle tse qalileng le Manchester u tla sebelisa syntaxe e latelang:
kopa ^ lihlopha tsa Manchester
Taelo e ka hodimo e ne e tla khutlela Manchester City le Manchester United empa e se FC United Of Manchester.
Ntle le moo u ka fumana lihlopha tsohle tse qetellang le United li sebelisa syntaxe e latelang:
grep United $ lihlopha
Taelo e ka hodimo e ne e tla khutlela Manchester United le Newcastle United empa e se FC United Of Manchester.
04 ea 09
Ho bala palo ea lipapali Ho sebelisa meharo
Haeba u sa batle ho khutlisa melaetsa ea sebele e bapisang mohlala ho sebelisa mefuta empa u batla feela ho tseba hore na ke mang ba ka sebelisang syntaxe e latelang:
grep-c mohlala inputfile
Haeba mohlala o ne o lekanngoa habeli, palo ea 2 e tla khutlisetsoa.
05 ea 09
Ho Fumana Lintlha Tsohle Tse sa Tšoanelang le ho sebelisa mefuta
Nahana u na le lenane la mabitso a sebaka le linaha tse thathamisitsoeng ka tsela e latelang:
- aberdeen scotland
- glasgow scotland
- liverpool england
- colwyn bay
- london england
Mohlomong u hlokometse hore sebaka sa colwyn ha se na naha e amanang le eona.
Ho batla libaka tsohle le naha u ka sebelisa syntaxe e latelang:
libaka tsa fatše $ libaka
Liphetho li tla khutlela libaka tsohle ntle le sebaka sa colwyn.
Ho totobetse hore sena se sebetsa feela bakeng sa libaka tse qetellang naheng (ha ho saense saense).
U ka thibela khetho ho sebelisa syntaxe e latelang:
Sebaka sa grep -v sebakeng sa libaka
Sena se ne se tla fumana libaka tsohle tse sa feleng ka mobu.
06 ea 09
Kamoo U ka Fumanang Lithako Tse se Nang Matsoho ka Li-Files Ho sebelisa li-grep
Ak'u nahane u na le faele ea ho kenya e sebelisoang ke kopo ea batho ba bang e khaotsang ho bala faele ha e fumana line e se nang letho ka tsela e latelang:
- aberdeen scotland
- inverness scotland
- liverpool england
- colwyn bay wales
Ha kopo e fihla molaong ka morao ho liverpool e tla emisa ho bala moelelo oa bo-colwyn o hloloheloe ka ho feletseng.
U ka sebelisa meharo ho batla meleng e se nang letho ka syntaxe e latelang:
libaka tsa $ $
Ka bomalimabe sena ha se na thuso ka ho khetheha hobane se khutlisetsa mela e se nang letho.
Ka sebele u ka fumana palo ea mela e se nang letho e le cheke ho bona hore na faele e nepahetse ka tsela e latelang:
libaka tsa mahahapa-tsa ...
Leha ho le joalo ho tla ba molemo ho feta ho tseba lintlha tsa nomoro tse nang le mola o se nang letho e le hore u ka li nkela sebaka. U ka etsa joalo ka taelo e latelang:
kopa -n ^ $ libaka
07 ea 09
Joang ho Batla Matla a Matšoao a Maholo kapa a Mokhutšoanyane ka Sebelisa mehaho
U sebelisa mohape u ka tseba hore na ke mela efe ho file e nang le lihlooho tse kholo tse sebelisang syntaxe e latelang:
grep '[AZ]' filename
Li-brackets tse sekoti [] li u lumelle hore na ho na le mefuta efe ea batho ba nang le litšoantšo. Mohlala o ka holimo o lumellana le setho sefe kapa sefe se pakeng tsa A le Z.
Ka lebaka leo, ho bapisa litlhaku tse ka tlaase ho uena u ka sebelisa syntaxe e latelang:
grep '[az]' filename
Haeba o batla ho bapisa feela mangolo mme eseng lipalo kapa matšoao a mang u ka sebelisa syntaxe e latelang:
grep '[a-zA-Z]' filename
U ka etsa se tšoanang ka lipalo tse latelang:
grep '[0-9]' filename
08 ea 09
Ho Batla ho Pheta Mehlala Ka ho sebelisa mefuta
U ka sebelisa li-brackets curly {} ho batla mohlala o phetoang.
Nahana u na le faele e nang le linomoro tsa fono ka tsela e latelang:
- 055-1234
- 055-4567
- 555-1545
- 444-0167
- 444-0854
- 4549-2234
- x44-1234
U tseba karolo ea pele ea palo e hloka ho ba litekanyo tse tharo mme o batla ho fumana mela e sa tsamaellaneng le mohlala ona.
Ho tloha mohlaleng o fetileng u tseba hore [0-9] e khutlisetsa linomoro tsohle lefapheng.
Ketsahalong ena re batla mela e qala ka linomoro tse tharo tse lateloa ke hyphen (-). U ka etsa joalo ka syntax e latelang:
grep "^ [0-9] [0-9] [0-9] -" linomoro
Joalokaha re tseba mehlala e fetileng, carat (^) e bolela hore mola o lokela ho qala ka mokhoa o latelang.
[0-9] e tla batla nomoro efe kapa efe pakeng tsa 0 le 9. Kaha sena se kenyelelitsoe ka makhetlo a mararo se bapisa linomoro tse 3. Qetellong ho na le pherekano ho bolela hore ho ikonka ho tlameha ho atleha linomoro tse tharo.
Ka ho sebelisa li-brackets tse koalehileng u ka etsa hore patlisiso e nyane ka tsela e latelang:
grep "^ [0-9] \ {3 \} -" linomoro
Sefuba se phonyoha ka {bracket e le hore se sebetse e le karolo ea polelo e tloaelehileng empa ha e le hantle seo se se buang ke [0-9] {3} se bolelang palo efe kapa efe pakeng tsa 0 le 9 makhetlo a mararo.
Li-brackets tse ka hare li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ka tsela e latelang:
{5,10}
{5,}}
The {5,10} e bolela hore sebopeho se ntse se phenyekolloa se tlameha ho pheta-pheta bonyane ka makhetlo a 5 empa ha se na ho feta 10 athe {5,} e bolela hore sebopeho se tlameha ho pheta-pheta bonyane ka makhetlo a 5 empa se ka ba se fetang seo.
09 ea 09
Ho Sebelisa Phatlalatso e Tsoang ho Litaelo Tse Ling Ho sebelisa meharo
Ho fihlela joale re shebile mokhoa o tšoanang le lifaele empa motho a ka sebelisa lihlahisoa ho tsoa litaelo tse ling e le sebopeho sa mokhoa o tšoanang.
Mohlala o motle oa sena o sebelisa polelo ea ps e thathamisang mekhoa e sebetsang.
Ka mohlala tsamaisa taelo e latelang:
ps -ef
Tsamaiso eohle ea tshebetso ea tsamaiso ea hau e tla bonahala.
U ka sebelisa meharo ho batla mokhoa o itseng oa ho sebetsa ka tsela e latelang:
ps -ef | grep firefox