Setsi sa Ts'ebetso ea Khomphuta ke eng?
Lik'homphieutha li sebelisa software e tlaase e bitsoang mokhoa oa ho sebetsa (O / S) ho thusa batho ho sebetsa mechine ea 'mele. An O / S e nolofalletsa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa sesebelisoa (tse bitsoang "mananeo") hammoho le ho haha mananeo a macha. Software ea tsamaiso ea tsamaiso ha e tsamaee feela ka lik'homphieutheng tsa laptop empa hape e tsamaea ka liselefouno, li-routers le lisebelisoa tse ling tse boletsoeng.
Mefuta ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso
Mekhoa e mengata e fapaneng ea mekhoa e sebetsang ea k'homphieutha e 'nile ea ntlafatsoa ho feta lilemo ka likhoebo, liunivesithing le batho ba ikemetseng. Lisebelisoa tse tsebahalang haholo tsa ho sebetsa ke tse fumanoang lik'homphieutha tsa motho:
- Microsoft Windows
- Mac OS X
- Linux
Mesebetsi e meng e sebetsang e etselitsoe mefuta e itseng ea lisebelisoa, tse kang
- Apple iOS le Google Android (e fapaneng le Linux) - bakeng sa liselefouno
- Solaris, HP-UX, DG-UX, le mefuta e meng ea Unix - bakeng sa lik'homphieutha tsa server
- DEC VMS (Virtual Memory System) - bakeng sa lik'homphieutha tsa mainframe
Mesebetsi e meng ea ts'ebetso e ne e thabela nako ea ho tsebahala empa e na le thahasello ea histori feela hona joale:
- Novell Netware e ne e le O / S e ratoang bakeng sa li-PC lilemong tsa bo-1990
- IBM OS / 2 e ne e le PC ea pele ea O / S e neng e loantšana le Microsoft Windows ka nako e itseng empa e e-na le katleho e fokolang marakeng oa bareki
- Multics e ne e le mokhoa o sebetsang ka ho khetheha oa ho sebetsa o entsoeng ka li-coreframes lilemong tsa bo-1960, tse ileng tsa susumetsa ntlafatso ea Unix hamorao
Mekhatlo ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso
O / S ea morao-rao e na le mananeo a mangata a kentsoeng ka morero oa ho nolofatsa metsoalle ea k'homphieutha. Lenaneo le tloaelehileng la O / S le akarelletsa ho kenya ts'ebetso ea mochini oa protocol oa TCP / IP le mananeo a amanang le tšebeliso e kang ping le traceroute. Sena se kenyeletsa lisebelisoa tse hlokehang tsa lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse ling ho khona ho etsa hore mochine o sebetsang oa Ethernet oa mochine o atlehe . Hangata lisebelisoa tsa selefouno li fana ka mananeo a hlokahalang ho nolofalletsa khoebo ea Wi-Fi , ea Bluetooth kapa e meng e se nang mohala.
Liphetolelo tsa pele tsa Microsoft Windows ha lia ka tsa fana ka tšehetso leha e le efe bakeng sa metsoalle ea inthanete . Microsoft e kenyelelitse mekhoa ea metsoalle ea motheo ho tsamaiso ea eona ea ho qala ho qala ka Windows 95 le Windows bakeng sa Li-Workgroups . Microsoft e boetse e hlahisitse karolo ea eona ea Inthanetano ea ho Kopanya (ICS) ho Windows 98 Second Edition (Win98 SE), Windows HomeGroup bakeng sa marang-rang a lehae ka Windows 7, joalo-joalo. Fapana le Unix, e qalileng ho tloha qalong ka ho sebelisa marang-rang. Hoo e batlang e le moetsi leha e le ofe oa O / S kajeno o tšoaneleha e le mokhoa oa ts'ebetso oa marang-rang ka lebaka la ho tsebahala ha Inthanete le marang-rang a lehae.
Ts'ebeliso ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso
Sesebelisoa seo ho thoeng se kenngoa se tšehetsa mokhoa o se nang kapa o fokolang oa software ea oona. Tsamaiso e kenyelletsoeng joaloka li-routers, ka mohlala, hangata e kenyelletsa seva sa Websaete se lokiselitsoeng, seva sa DHCP , le litsamaiso tse ling empa ha li lumelle ho kenngoa ha mananeo a macha. Mehlala ea lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsa tse tsamaisoang bakeng sa li-routers li kenyelletsa:
- Cisco IOS (Inthanete ea Ts'ebetso ea Inthanete)
- DD-WRT
- Juniper Junos
OS e kenngoa e ka fumanoa ka hare ho palo e ntseng e eketseha ea lisebelisoa tsa bareki ho kenyeletsa lifono (iPhone OS), PDAs (Windows CE), le li-media media media (ipodlinux).