Thupelo ena e hlalosa theknoloji e sebelisetsoang li- networking tsa Internet Protocol (IP) . Bakeng sa ba sa thahaselle lintlha tsa theknoloji, tlohela ho tse latelang:
- Ho sebetsa le Aterese ea IP
IPv4 le IPv6
Inthanete ea Internet Protocol (IP) e ile ea thehoa lilemong tsa bo-1970 ho tšehetsa mananeo a mang a pele a lik'homphieutha . Kajeno, IP e fetohile molao oa lefats'e ka bophara oa metsoalle ea khoebo le khoebo. Li -routers tsa rona tsa marang-rang , liwebsaete tsa marang-rang , mananeo a melaetsa, mananeo a melaetsa ea selefouno - bohle ba itšetleha ka IP kapa mekhoa e meng ea marang-rang e khabisitsoeng ka holim'a IP .
Liphetolelo tse peli tsa theknoloji ea IP e teng kajeno. Mekhoa ea k'homphieutha ea lehae ea lehae e sebelisa IP 4 (IPv4), empa marang-rang a mang, haholo-holo a lihlopha tsa thuto le lipatlisiso, a amohetse moloko o latelang IP version 6 (IPv6).
IPv4 e buang ka Notation
Aterese ea IPv4 e na le li-byte tse 'nè ( li- 32). Li-bytes tsena li boetse li tsejoa e le li-octet .
Bakeng sa merero ea ho bala, hangata batho ba sebetsa le liaterese tsa IP boitsebiso bo boletsoeng hore bo na le decimal . Tlhaloso ena e beha linako pakeng tsa palo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe (li-octets) tse nang le aterese ea IP. Ka mohlala, aterese ea IP eo lik'homphieutha li e bonang
- 00001010 00000000 00000000 00000001
e ngotsoe karolong ea dotted decimal
- 10.0.0.1
Hobane kaho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le li-bits tse 8, octet e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea aterese ea IP ho tloha bonyane ho 0 ho isa ho 255. Ka hona, boholo ba liaterese tsa IP bo tsoa ho 0.0.0.0 ho ea 255.255.255.255 . Sena se emela kakaretso ea li-IP tsa 4,294 967 296.
IPv6 e buang ka Notation
Liaterese tsa IP li fetoha haholo ka IPv6. IPv6 liaterese ke li-byte tse 16 (128 bits) nako e telele ho e-na le li-bytes tse 4 (32 bits). Boholo bona bo boholo bo bolela hore IPv6 e tšehetsa ho feta
- 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
liaterese tse khonehang! Ha palo e ntseng e eketseha ea liselefouno le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa elektronike li atolosa bokhoni ba tsona ba ho etsa marang-rang 'me li hloka liaterese tsa tsona, sebaka se senyenyane sa IPv4 se tla qetella se fihlile' me IPv6 e be e tlamang.
IPv6 liaterese hangata li ngotsoe ka foromo e latelang:
- hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh
Tlhahisoleseding ena e feletseng , lihlopha tsa IPv6 bytes li arotsoe ke colon 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e potoloha e emeloa e le lipalo tse peli tsa hexadecimal , joaloka mohlala o latelang:
- E3D7: 0000: 0000: 0000: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ka holimo, IPv6 liaterese hangata li na le li-byte tse ngata tse nang le phaello ea zero. Tlhaloso ea Shorthand ho IPv6 e tlosa litekanyetso tsena ho latela litemana tse ngotsoeng (le hoja li-inte li ntse li le teng atereseng ea sebele ea inthanete ) ka tsela e latelang:
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Qetellong, liaterese tse ngata tsa IPv6 ke lisebelisoa tsa IPv4 liaterese. Maemong ana, li-bytes tse nne ka ho fetisisa tsa aterese ea IPv6 (tse peli ka ho fetisisa tse peli ka bobeli) li ka ngoloa boitsebiso ba IPv4. Ho fetola mohlala o boletsoeng ka holimo ho hlahisa chai
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: 192.168.100.32
IPv6 liaterese li ka ngoloa holima leha e le efe e feletseng, e khutsoanyane kapa e tsoakiloeng e bontšitsoeng ka holimo.