Mantsoe a Aterese ea MAC

Aterese ea Media Access Control (MAC) ke nomoro ea binary e sebelisetsoang ho khetholla li -adapter tsa mekhoa ea khomphutha ka ho khetheha. Linomoro tsena (tseo ka linako tse ling li bitsoang "liaterese tsa hardware" kapa "liaterese tsa 'mele") li kenngoa ka marang-rang a marang-rang nakong ea tshebetso ea tlhahiso, kapa li bolokiloe firmware,' me li etselitsoe ho se fetohe.

Ba bang ba boetse ba ba bitsa "liaterese tsa Ethernet" bakeng sa mabaka a histori, empa mefuta e mengata ea marang-rang kaofela e sebelisa ho sebetsana le MAC ho akarelletsa le Ethernet , Wi-Fi le Bluetooth .

Temo ea Aterese ea MAC

Liaterese tsa MAC tsa setso li na le li-dijiti tse 12 (6 bytes kapa 48 bits ) linomoro tsa hexadecimal . Ka kopano, hangata li ngoliloe ho e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tse tharo tse latelang:

Likarolo tse 6 tse ka letsohong le letšehali (bits tse 24) tse bitsoang "pele" li amahanngoa le moetsi oa adapter. Mohlokisi e mong le e mong oa ngolisa 'me o fumana likhaolo tsa MAC tse fanoeng ke IEEE. Hangata barekisi ba na le lipalo tsa pele tse ngata tse amanang le lihlahisoa tsa bona tse sa tšoaneng. Ka mohlala, prefixes 00:13:10, 00: 25: 9C le 68: 7F: 74 (hammoho le ba bang ba bangata) kaofela ke ba Linksys ( Cisco Systems ).

Likarolo tse nepahetseng tsa aterese ea MAC li emela palo ea boitsebiso bakeng sa thepa e khethehileng. Har'a lisebelisoa tsohle tse entsoeng ka sehlooho se le seng sa barekisi, e mong le e mong o fuoa nomoro ea eona e ikhethang ea 24-bit. Hlokomela hore marang-rang a tsoang ho barekisi ba fapaneng a ka 'na a etsahala ho arolelana karolo e le' ngoe ea khampo ea aterese.

Li-aderese tsa MAC tse 64-bit

Le hoja liaterese tsa MAC tsa setso li na le li-bits tse 48 tse bolelele, mefuta e fokolang ea marang-rang e hloka liaterese tse 64 ho e-na le hoo. ZigBee ya waelese home automation le marang-rang a mang a joalo a thehiloeng ho IEEE 802.15.4, ka mohlala, ho hloka hore aterese ea MAC e 64-bit e lokisetsoe lisebelisoa tsa bona tsa hardware.

Mekhoa ea TCP / IP e thehiloeng ho IPv6 e boetse e sebelisa mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho buisana le liaterese tsa MAC ha li bapisoa le IPv4 e tloaelehileng . Ho e-na le liaterese tsa li-64-bit, leha ho le joalo, IPv6 e fetolela ka botlalo aterese ea 48-bit MAC ho aterese ea 64-bit ka ho kenngoa phaello e tsitsitseng (e thata) ea 16-bit FFFE pakeng tsa sephetho sa barekisi le identifi ea lisebelisoa. IPv6 e bitsa linomoro tsena "li-identifier" ho li khetholla libukeng tsa nnete tsa 64-bit tsa thepa.

Ka mohlala, aterese ea MAC ea 48-bit ea 00: 25: 96: 12: 34: 56 e hlaha le neteng ea IPv6 e le (e atisang ho ngoloa ka e 'ngoe ea mefuta ena e' meli):

MAC le kamano ea Aterese ea IP

Litomoro tsa TCP / IP li sebelisa liaterese tsa MAC le liaterese tsa IP empa ka merero e fapaneng. Aterese ea MAC e sala e tsitsitse ho hardware ea sesebelisoa ha aderese ea IP ea mochine o joalo e ka fetoloa ho itšetlehile ka tokisetso ea eona ea marang-rang ea TCP / IP. Media Access Control e sebetsana le Moqapi oa 2 oa mokhoa oa OSI ha Internet Protocol e sebetsana le Lethathamo la 3 . Sena se lumella MAC ho sebetsana le ho tšehetsa mefuta e meng ea marang-rang ntle le TCP / IP.

Melao ea IP e laola phetoho lipakeng tsa IP le MAC liaterese tse sebelisang Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) . Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) e itšetlehile ka ARP ho laola kabelo e khethehileng ea liaterese tsa IP ho lisebelisoa.

Mokhoa oa Cloning oa Aterese

Basebeletsi ba bang ba Inthanete ba Tšebelisano ba kopanya li-akhaonto tsa mohaho ka mong ho li-aderese tsa MAC tsa marang-rang a marang-rang (kapa e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa heke). Aterese e bontsweng ke mofani oa hau ha e fetohe ho fihlela moreki a nkela sebaka sa bona monyako, joalo ka ho kenya router e ncha . Ha seteishene sa bolulo se fetoha, mofani oa Inthanete joale o bona melaetsa e fapaneng ea MAC e tlalehoa mme o thibela marang-rang hore a se ke a kena Inthaneteng.

Tshebetso e bitsoang "cloning" e rarolla bothata bona ka ho etsa hore router (gateway) e tsoele pele ho tlaleha aterese ea khale ea MAC ho mofani oa tsona le hoja aterese ea eona ea thepa e fapane. Batsamaisi ba ka lokisa router ea bona (ho nka hore e tšehetsa tšobotsi ena, joalokaha ba bangata ba e etsa) ho sebelisa khetho ea kholiso le ho kenya aterese ea MAC ea heke ea khale ho ea skrine ea tlhophiso. Ha cloning e sa fumanehe, moreki o lokela ho ikopanya le mofani oa tšebeletso ho ngolisa sesebelisoa sa bona se secha sa heke ho e-na le hoo.